(2019) conducted an electronic survey to evaluate the consumer perception of five types of FOPNL currently in use around the world. (2020) showed that in food industry products six separate categories can influence consumers in their perception of the healthiness of food items: communicated information such as FOP (front-of-package) labels and health claims, product category, shape and colour of the product packaging, ingredients of the product, organic origin of the product, and taste and other sensory features of the product. Thus, it is important to know how they make this distinction. “Perceived healthiness” is a consumer's expectation of a product's influence on his or her state of health. An FOPNL policy typically presents two main objectives: (1) to provide additional information to promote healthier food choices and (2) to stimulate the reformulation of food products towards healthier options by the industry ( ANVISA, 2018).Ĭonsumers consider certain foods healthy and others unhealthy. Non-interpretive models present quantitative information about specific nutrients, without any kind of judgement, opinion, orientation or qualitative elements to assist in the interpretation of information. They use symbols, qualitative descriptors or colours to assist the consumer in understanding the level of each nutrient in food. Meanwhile, semi-interpretive models provide information about a set of specific nutrients. They provide a judgement, opinion or guidance regarding the food without specific information about nutrients. Interpretative FOPNL models combine several criteria to establish an indication of the healthiness level of the food. Furthermore, they can be classified as interpretative, semi-interpretative and non-interpretative, varying in their graphical presentation (colours, formats and sizes), types of emphasised nutrients (critical or positive claims) and statement basis (in portion or 100 g/ml) ( Kanter et al., 2018). However, the adoption of front-of-package nutritional labelling (FOPNL), outlining the content of critical nutrients, has been recently encouraged as a public policy to help prevent and control obesity and related diseases ( Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann et al., 2020 FAO, 2016).Īround the world, different models of FOPNL exist that can be mandatory or voluntary. ![]() Nutritional labelling normally shown in the back part of the food package is well-established worldwide. To develop with effective prevention strategies for obesity, all nations must take this complexity into account ( Endalifer and Diress, 2020).įoods rich in substances such as saturated fats, sodium and sugars are often classified as unhealthy since their excessive intake has shown an association with increasing levels of noncommunicable diseases and weight gain over time ( Pagliai et al., 2021). The main risk factors associated with obesity include socioeconomic, sociodemographic, behaviour and genetic aspects, which vary across nations and interact in a complex and multidimensional manner. Obesity is a global public health concern, and its prevalence is increasing in low- and middle-income countries as well as in high-income countries. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. ![]() ![]() Copyright © 2021, Cintia Pereira da Silva, Aline Cristina Bento and Elaine Guaraldo License
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